Posts Tagged ‘enzyme’

The Fact about Protein

Protein is one of most important part that helps us to get healthy body. Protein derived from the Greek proteios which means first or primary. Proteins are macromolecules which make up more than half part of the cell. Protein determines the size and structure of cells, the main components of the communication system between cells and as catalysts of biochemical reactions in cells. That’s why the majority of biochemical research activities focused on proteins, especially hormones, antibodies and enzymes.

All kinds of proteins consist of a series and combination of 20 amino acids. Each type has a number of proteins and amino acid sequence characteristics. Inside the cell, there is a good protein in the plasma membrane or internal membranes which make up the cell organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and the Golgi with different functions depending on the place. Proteins are involved in biochemical reactions in the form of the enzyme most numerous in the cytoplasm and partially contained in the compartments of the cell organelles.

You can get protein from food, but now in the modern era when technology is so high, you can get protein by consume an artificial supplement. They have a same purpose with natural protein and harmless to the human body also almost have no bad side effects.

Understanding Drug-Drug Interactions

Interaction with other medications containing the drug, the activity of another, usually when both are administered simultaneously. These interactions in the decrease or increase in activity after one or two drugs. Although many forms of interactions are present, can be ordered in most interactions involving the travel of the drug, once (pharmacokinetics) or drug effect on the body (pharmacodynamics). Drug interactions that affect the travel of drugs in the body beyond those affecting the absorption into the bloodstream, its distribution in the body to understand breakdown of different products or removal of the body. Absorption interactions can occur when the drug because the particles have a sufficient area of drug particles for retaining them, both drugs can also bind to each other, or a change in the acidity of the drug content stomach or the speed at which it moves the contents of the stomach. These interactions can alter the ability of one or two drugs in the bloodstream. If one drug reduces the absorption of others, a patient is affected by regular use of these drugs in general. However, if a drug reduces the rate of absorption in another, the patient may be in the lower levels of the second drug most needed, and the second drug may be ineffective in the treatment will be suspended. Distribution of interactions can occur when drugs reach the blood and tissues. The competition between the two drugs can can bind to these same proteins in the blood or other drugs caused to move its relationship with tissue. It is more common in the second case, when replacing another medication to find tissue that displaced the drug in the blood leads to an increased risk of patients with toxicity accumulates. An example is when the heart medication Lanoxin ® and quinidine (digoxin) taken at the same time, may increase blood levels of digoxin and affect patients if not appropriately supervised. Although drugs can be located in different parts of the body which is broken site most often the liver. Here, an enzyme system are up-regulated or down regulated by a drug in the rapid deterioration or slower results of others. Examples of drugs that up-regulation of certain enzymes in the liver are among the most anti-epileptic Dilantin ® (phenytoin) and Tegretol ® (carbamazepine). The effect of the enzyme in place a regulation is usually done gradually, with maximum effects observed in 70-10 days after the start of the drug. It may also be equal to or greater than the time before normal after stopping the medication again. Examples of drugs that regulate certain enzymes in the liver are among the antibiotics erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. The beginning of the enzyme down-regulation is generally faster than upregulation. The majority of drugs down and all medicines out of the body by the loss of urine. When a drug affects the pH of urine, which may in the capacity of another drug in the urine, depending on how it received the form changes during the screening process in kidneys. Transporter molecules in the kidneys, the drug can help eliminate more or less available as a drug by the presence of another. Drugs can also interact and exert a net direct their actions on the body. Two drugs with similar effects, and if they can show synergy in action, while being administered in different sites or receptors in the body. One example is the fatigue that can occur when a tranquilizer such as Valium ® (diazepam) is also an antihistamine, such as Al Polar ® (dexchlorpheniramine hit). Conversely, if two drugs have opposite effects to be taken at the same time, the answer to one or both are reduced. One example is the opposing goalies and fatigue that can lead to the consumption of antimigraine preparation with caffeine and a sedative. Another set of measures related to drug interactions occur when two drugs to toxicity compared to the same organ or tissue in the body. Co-administration of both drugs can cause damage to the organ or tissue proper, despite the individual dose of each drug alone sufficient to cause toxic effects in a row under normal circumstances. The joint institutions that are most affected by this toxic drug interactions for the kidneys and liver. Note also that the drug may increase the toxic effect of the other body, although this is not a direct toxicity of the institution itself. Because many drugs available, and many others arrive constantly, drug interactions may be quite common. However, the negative effect of the consultation with an experienced drug are minimized. If such interactions are expected soon, the cons, the most appropriate measures are being prepared to receive the well-being maintained.

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