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Posts Tagged ‘peripheral vascular disease’

Actovegin belongs to a group of drugs called metabolism stimulators. The drug activates tissue metabolism, promotes regenerative processes and trophism. The Actovegin is a hemoderivative, which is obtained after dialysis and filtration of calf blood. The drug increases utilization and consumption of oxygen increases energetic metabolism and glucose consumption. As a result the energetic resources of the cell are increased. Increase of oxygen consumption under the influence of Actovegin leads to stabilization of plasmatic membranes in ischemia and decreases the formation of lactates. Actovegin not only increases intracellular concentration of glucose, but also improves oxidative metabolism, satisfying the cells energy needs.

The Actovegin is prescribed in patients with cerebral blood flow impairment as well as impairment of cellular metabolism function in the cerebrum, for example in cases of dementia. The effects of the drug can be monitored within 10 to 30 minutes after administration and reach their maximum in 3 hours.

The drug is prescribed in the following conditions:

• As supportive therapy in metabolic or vascular disorders
• Peripheral vascular disease
• Radiation injuries

The adverse effects of the drug are mainly expressed in possible allergic reactions, such as hives, hyperhydrosis, increased body temperature, itching and etc.

The drug should be avoided during pregnancy as no clinical trial s on the drugs use during the period have been performed. In cases of allergic reactions the use of the drug should be stopped.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which patients have an insulin deficiency absolute or relative. It affects about 6% of the population of the West and is an important factor for heart attack, stroke, kidney failure and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of blindness. First Types of Diabetes There are four forms of the disease, such as: type 1 and type 2, gestational diabetes and other specific types. A. Type 1 Diabetes is produced in people with type 1 diabetes, pancreatic insulin, blood glucose is higher than normal though. People with this form of diabetes require daily insulin treatment to survive. This form continued in autoimmune diabetes, idiopathic diabetes and divided. Type 1 accounts for about 10% to 15% of all people with diabetes. It is one of the most serious diseases and common chronic childhood, falling ill with about half of people with this form of diabetes by 18 year life. He is known as diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile diabetes known. b. Diabetes type 2 Type 2 diabetes is due to reduced levels of insulin (insulin deficiency) and trademarks / or inability of the body use insulin properly (insulin resistance). This form of the disease is more common among people aged 40 or older, and 85% to 90% among all people with diabetes. Most people with type 2 diabetes are overweight. C. Gestational Diabetes Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy in approximately 3% to 8% of women who have not previously received a diagnosis of diabetes. This is a temporary form of diabetes usually disappears after the baby is born. However, it is a marker of much higher risk of type 2 diabetes later in life. Screening tests are conducted for gestational diabetes usually around 24-28 week of pregnancy. d. Other types of diabetes This includes people who have diabetes because of genetic defects or exposure to certain drugs or chemicals. Second causes of diabetes mellitus Diabetes is characterized by a resistance or a lack of production of the hormone insulin helps glucose move into the blood causes cells. In type 1 diabetes, autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and the lack of insulin causes the release of ineffective glucose transport. There is no known cause of idiopathic diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, beta cell insulin release, but receptors are insulin resistance and glucose transport is variable and inefficient. Some people may have conditions that can cause diabetes, such as Cushing’s syndrome, pancreatitis or liver disease. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes patients; a. obesity b. History of gestational diabetes C. The lack of physical activity d. hypertension Age 45 + E. f. ethnic groups other than Anglo-Saxon g. low HDL-cholesterol h. abnormal glucose tolerance i. Family history Third Signs and symptoms of diabetes The symptoms include diabetes, dehydration, unexplained weight loss, excessive thirst, urination, fatigue, lethargy, severe irritation and itching, excessive hunger, blurred vision, skin and urinary tract infections and vaginitis. 4th Diagnosis Diabetes or glucose intolerance may be used for routine blood testing as part of a general health check-up will be recognized or investigated for other symptoms or diseases. Diabetes tests to check blood glucose. Fasting glucose are classified as follows: Normal: less than 100 mg / dl Pre-diabetes: 100-125 mg / dl Diabetes: more than 125mg/dl Because the symptoms can be mild, diabetes is often detected when a person is a problem that is caused by diabetes, such as heart attack, stroke, neuropathy, poor wound healing or a foot ulcer, certain eye diseases, certain fungal infections, or birth of a baby with macrosomia or hypoglycemia. 5th Diabetes Treatment effective efforts to reduce the treatment to normalize blood glucose levels and complications with insulin replacement, diet and exercise. For those who exercise very mild diabetes, diet and weight loss may be more than sufficient to keep blood sugar at a reasonable level. Dietary changes must be based on the ideas of weight loss and control blood glucose levels blood sugar relatively stable focus during the day to avoid queues and big downs. The main treatment for type 1 diabetes, even in its early stages, is replacement of insulin with careful monitoring of blood glucose monitoring in conjunction with blood tests. Type 2 diabetes may require oral antidiabetic drugs in the body produce more insulin to increase and promote sensitivity to insulin. have various forms of natural supplements for the treatment of diabetes, as postulated been effective. People with unstable diabetes, or those that many injections per day, an insulin pump worn on the body and provides the benefits of continuous infusion of insulin through a needle implanted in the body. Gestational diabetes is treatable, but full of careful monitoring medical requirements during pregnancy. While it may temporarily, untreated gestational diabetes can cause the health of the fetus or the mother. The processing of all forms of diabetes do not have much affect normal activities, if the discipline of training enough patients, awareness, appropriate care in testing and dosing of insulin taken 6th Complications Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of failure in the adult world of the kidney in the developed world. If undetected or poorly controlled diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney failure, lower limb amputation, heart attack, stroke and impotence.